New Historicism/ Cultural Materialism
Ecocriticism
Book studies =
= Books seen as a commodity, international movement through time -> beginning of science fiction
Genre of the Time Machine
Novella (Shorter than a Novel, One narrative situation)
(The Time Machine Marks the beginning of a great imaginary narrative development. Using different covers to reach different target readers)
Structuralism
Present vs Future
Eloi vs Morlocks
Aristocracy vs Working Class
Expectation vs Reality of Future
2 Narrators:
1) Frame Narrator ( has no name), First Person Narrator & trustworthy, the frame Narrative gives credibility to the story
2) Narrator inside the frame (Time Traveller), First Person Narrator, Direct speech but not to us, the readers, but to the frame narrator & the other group of ppl. Intradiegetic narrator, embedded narrator, First-person perspective. -> Truthclaim of this story is removed bc its so direct
Genres of the Time Machine
1) Scientific romance
2) "Novum," (=Innovation) & "cognitive estrangement" (=not close to world that's described within text)
3)Speculative Fiction
4)Dystopia
5)Adventure stories
Poststructuralism/ Deconstruction
Psychoanalytical criticism
TT experiences in the underground world:
Womb theory bc of tunnel description
Penetrating= sexual
Readers reception/ phenomenology/ cognitive studies:
Genderstudies / Feminism
Weena= female reference
Separation of sexes only needed in difficult/ harmful times=> in future no such specialisation
Marxist Approach
Postcolonial Theory