Motivation and incentives

• job rotation
• job enlargement
• job enrichment

=> experience meaningfulness, responsibility, knowledge of results => motivation, performance.

Conclusion of the experiments= productivity increases with any variable of working conditions modified. Being observed modifies behavior.

Higher wages: productivity dropped for fear of lower base wages?

Attitudes to work shaped by the (sub-)group to which the individual belongs. Informal organization more important than formal organization/

Physiological needs < Safety < Love & belonging < Esteem < Self-actualization.

• Motivation factors
• Hygiene factors

• Theory X:
• Theory Y:

An individual will consider that he is treated fairly if he perceives the ratio of his inputs to his outcomes to be equivalent to those around him. Individuals compare with their colleagues.

Inputs = time, loyalty, hard work, commitment, ability, flexibility, personal sacrifice, skills...

Outcomes = job security, salary, recognition, responsibility, sense of achievement...