Average Process
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IAS 16
Definition
Materielle Vermögenswerte, die:
a) zur Nutzung in Produktion, Lieferung, Vermietung oder Verwaltung gehalten werden.
b) über mehr als eine Periode genutzt werden sollen.
Erstansatz:
Ein Vermögenswert wird angesetzt, wenn:
- zukünftiger wirtschaftlicher Nutzen wahrscheinlich ist.
- die Anschaffungskosten verlässlich messbar sind.
Erstbewertung:
Zum Anschaffungskostenpreis, inkl. direkt zurechenbarer Kosten:
- Kaufpreis, Transport, Installation,
- geschätzte Abbau-/Rückbaukosten (IAS 37).
Folgebewertung:
Cost Model:
- Anschaffungskosten – kum. Abschreibung – Wertminderung.
Revaluation Model:
- Neubewertung zum beizulegenden Zeitwert (Fair Value) abzgl. Abschreibung/Wertminderung.
- Änderungen im OCI oder GuV (je nach vorheriger Bewertung).
Abschreibung:
Bei begrenzter Nutzungsdauer: systematisch über die Nutzungsdauer.
Methoden: lineare, degressive, leistungsbezogene Abschreibung.
Komponentenansatz: bedeutende Teile getrennt abschreiben.
Nachträgliche Kosten:
Nur aktivieren, wenn wirtschaftlicher Nutzen über ursprüngliche Leistung hinaus gesteigert wird (z. B. Austausch von Teilen, Großinspektionen).
Wertminderung:
Bei Anzeichen auf Wertminderung → Werthaltigkeitstest gemäß IAS 36.
Component Depreciatio
IFRS requires that each part of an item of PPE that is significant to the total cost of the asset must be depreciated separately.
Revision of Depreciation Rates
› When purchasing an asset, companies carefully determine depreciation on past experience with similar assets and other pertinent information. IFRS requires that companies review the estimates for residual value and service life annually and revise them if needed.
› Unexpected physical deterioration or unforeseen obsolescence may decrease the estimated useful life of the asset. Improved maintenance procedures or similar developments may prolong the life of the asset beyond the expected period.
Revaluation of assets that are depreciated
Assume that a company has purchased equipment for €1,000,000 on January 1, 2022.
› The useful life is 5 years and the company uses a straight-line depreciation method.
› The residual value is 0.
› The equipment is recorded at Fair value over its life.
At December 31, 2022, the following recordings need to be made:
solution
- Step
Abschreibung:
December 31, 2022
Dr Depreciation Expense 200,000
Cr Accumulated Depreciation 200,000
2. Step
After this entry, the equipment has a carrying amount of €800,000 (1,000,000 - 200,000). The company employs an independent appraiser, who determines that the fair value of the equipment at December
31, 2022, is 950,000. To report the equipment at fair value the company does the following:
December 31, 2022
Dr Accumulated Depreciation 200,000
Cr Equipment 50,000
Cr Unrealized Gain on Revaluation 150,000
(To adjust the equipment to fair value and record unrealized gain)
Assuming no change in the useful life of the equipment, the depreciation expenses in 2023 are €237,500 (950,000 ÷ 4, Carrying amount ÷ remaining useful life).
› At December 31, 2023, the following recordings need to be made:
December 31, 2023
Dr Depreciation Expense 237,500
Cr Accumulated Depreciation 237,500
Under IFRS, the company can transfer from AOCI, the difference between depreciation based on the revalued carrying amount (237,500€) and depreciation based on the asset´s original cost (200,000€).
› The entry to record this transfer is the following:
Das muss man unbedingt machen.
December 31, 2023
Dr Accumulated AOCI 37,500
Cr Retained Earnings 37,500
(To record transfer from AOCI to Retained Earnings)
Before revaluation in 2023, the company has the following amounts related to its equipment:
Equipment 950,000
Accumulated Depreciation 237,500
Carrying amount 712,500
Accumulated AOCI 112,500 (150,000-37,500)
On December 31, 2023, the fair value of the equipment is 570,000 €.
› An impairment loss of 30,000 € needs to be recorded:
December 31, 2023
Dr Accumulated Depreciation 237,500
Dr Loss on Impairment 30,000
Dr Unrealized Gain on Revaluation 112,500
Cr Equipment 380,000
(To adjust the equipment to fair value and record impairment loss)
Nun nehmen wir an FV = 300000
impliziert:
Dr. Dep Exp (570000/3) 190000 Cr. Accumu Dep 190000
Dr. Accumu Dep. 190000
Dr. Loss (PL) 80000
Cr. PPE 270000 (570000-300000)
Nun nehmen wir an FV = 280000
impliziert:
Bitte für den 2. PT unbedingt das lernen.
Dr. Dep Expe (300000/2) 150000 Cr. Accum Dep 150000
Dr. Accum. Dep. 150000
Cr. revalu of gain 80000
Cr. PPE 20000
Cr. OCI 50000
Das muss man unbedingt buchen Cr. revalu of gain