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What is the definition of pharmacodynamics?
The study of a drug’s physiological actions
What is the definition of pharmacokinetics?
The study of how the body interacts with administered drugs
Describe the main steps of neurotransmission
Is GABA an inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitter?
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
Is glutamate an inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitter?
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter
What is the definition of psychoactive drug?
“Psychoactive drugs are substances that, when taken in or administered into one's system, affect mental processes, e.g. perception, consciousness, cognition or mood and emotions. Psychoactive drugs belong to a broader category of psychoactive substances that include also alcohol and nicotine.” (WHO)
What is an agonist drug?
Agonist drugs enhance cellular activity
What is an antagonist drug?
Antagonist drugs block cellular activity
What is drug tolerance?
Increasing doses of a drug are needed to produce the same effect over repetitive drug administration
Describe a mechanism through which tolerance can arise
Increased metabolism through the production of enzymes degrading the drug.
What does the initials ADME stand for?
Absorption - Distribution - Metabolism - Excretion
What is absorption?
Way for the drug to reach the bloodstream. Occurs through mucous cells in the GI tract for oral route.
What is distribution?
Drug carried to the site of action via the bloodstream
What is metabolism?
Breakdown of drug by the body
What is excretion?
Drug or its metabolites are removed from the body via the kidneys or GI tract.