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how can you treat positive symptoms?
antipsychotics
what was brach & caesers hypothesis?
Common mechanism across cognitive domains ’context processing’, ‘WM’, and ‘episodic memory'
impairment in representing goal information in WM to guide behavior
= impairment in proactive control
what is proactive control associated with?
representation of information in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
what is proactive control?
representation of a goal before task starts or decision is made; helps us to focus or prepare motor system
what did a meta-analysis of fMRI studies find?
reduced DLPFC activity in schizophrenia patients in tasks that require proactive control
what did dickinsons meta analysis find?
impairments in processing speed due to lack of integrity of white matter fibre tracts or possible WM asoects in tasks
which type of memory is more impaired?
rational
which type of memory is more effected in relational memory task?
recollection more effected than familiarity during remembering
supports hypothesis that encoding items in relation to their context is disrupted in schizophrenia
what does barch say is the central idea that leads to the other cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia?
deficit in goal representation (proactive control)
what is reduced effort correlated with?
negative symptoms
what structures are involved with decision making?
- Medial frontal cortex/ACC
- Ventral striatum
- Dopamine systems
do people with sz have increased or decreased reward responsivity?
decreased
do people with sz have increased or decreased anticipatory pleasure?
reduced
how is sz associated with defeatist performance beliefs?
often have decreased negative beliefs about their ability
what is effort based decision making associated with?
striatal dopamine
how might antipsychotics effect motivation and decision making?
antipsychotics block dopaminergic receptor sites
modulate activity in brain areas involved with effort based decision making