ruling europe 2

The term social question refers to a series of social and economic issues arose during the 19th century in response to the social changes caused by Industrial Revolution. Emerged as a way to address these issues and find solutions to the social problems that the Industrial Revolution caused. WEbates and iscussiona bout social right, inequalities and the ROLE of the state in addressing those issues.

Beggan in the late 18th century 

mechanization of production processes u

urbanization 

industrial capitalism

It brought economic developments and technology advancements it led to widespread social problems: Poverty, ecploitation of labour and poor living condition for the working class

COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE CENTER

No class but as a whole

State should help people 

workers should be rewarderd by a system 

welfare system created by the state

communism is part of socialism in the EXTREME--TOTALITARIAN

Socialist breaks into different ideas but ONE MAIN GOAL, EQUALITY AND CLASLESS SOCIETY 

INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS

Competitive individualism

Middle class

Capitalism/industrialization ideas

LONG-TERM working society but

SHORT-TERM they liked society to stay as it is 

Iindividual is the most impotant 

State should intervine as less as possible

Individual should take oiwn decisions 

LASSEIZ-FAIRE

Meritocracy

Values tradition, stability. Institutions,culture and norms.

Monarchy represents land owners 

SOciiety based on orders

BIGGEST FEAR is the COMMUNIST who wants to take land and distribute it 

STATe should ally with conservatorists to make less of liberals

Socialism

Wanted to introduce reforms and improve working class conditions. They had a big focus on the distribution of goods. 

Main aim is to reduce inequalities and provides workers with economic support. 

As an immediate solution they tried to rstablish a welfare system that from below, financed by the communitiy. Associtation would collect money donating it to minors that were damaged or had died 

Liberalism

Emphasised bourgeoisie as middle class, class free society. they envisioned a society where individual freddoms and free competion of the individuals are central.

In this thinking the State should intervene as loittle as possible to help when there is need. Created association by middle class women who would offer education and culture this lead to a better liffe 

Conservatism

They whant to mantaint hierarchy, stability and continuity would make a better society, improving with time.

Their immediate response would be to let the church handle the poors and ill since its one of their values

The period between 1815 and 1914 is known as the Concert of Europe. During this period, the Great Powers of Europe maintained the balance of power and supported world peace. The Concert of Europe, also known as the Congress System, was established after the Congress of Vienna in 1815

Ended with the beggining of the first world war

Triple Alliance- Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia

Alliance between UK and France

UK was excluded  frome the Concert of europe because of discompetition of imperialism (being such a big empire had to be kept out of these alliances. On the other hand UK didn't have the need to join alliance, they were strong enough. splendid isolaton)

Bismarck Chancellor of Germany, Managed foreign affairs, known dipmlomatic skill. HE made and unmade many of these alliances.

When WWi broke out he abdicated because he was scared to gain too much power.

Reassurance treaty was not renewed -> changed politics dynamics -> 1890s Germany had colonies and became a vast colonial empire-> Germany clashes with Britain because UK feeling threatened gerrmany would become a too strong naval force.

In the same period France formd an alliance with britain and does a secret arrangement (not proper alliance) with Russia

The idea of imperialism encouraged competition between countries, European states used Social Darwinism to justify and legitimize their colonial actions-> imperialism was used to form alliances.

Nationalism

Economic Expansion (New markets-> New oppurtunities for trade)

Divert public attention from home and social problems

Defeat of ottomoan empire led to lot of instability in the region

Social Darwinists believe in “survival of the fittest”—the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. Social Darwinism has been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality at various times over the past century and a half

Bismarck's alliance system was not good as everyone thought

Conflict within the territorial claim of Austria-Hungary and Russia