Protoreptilian Brain and its role in _. There are 4 brain regions/nuclei that are situated in the this lower part of the brain: 1. locus coeruleus, source of _ 2. dorsal raphe nucleus: source of _, 3. the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, source of _, and 4. substantia nigra, source of _.
Protoreptilian Brain and its role in arousal. I discussed four brain regions/nuclei that are situated in the this lower part of the brain: 1. locus coeruleus, source of noradrenaline 2. dorsal raphe nucleus: source of serotonin, 3. the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, source of acetylcholine, and 4. substantia nigra, source of dopamine.
Protoreptilian brain nuclei
locus coeruleus, source of _
Protoreptilian brain nuclei
locus coeruleus, source of noradrenaline
Protoreptilian brain nuclei
the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, source of _
Protoreptilian brain nuclei
he pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, source of acetylcholine
Protoreptilian brain nuclei
substantia nigra, source of _
Protoreptilian brain nuclei
substantia nigra, source of dopamine
Protoreptilian brain nuclei
dorsal raphe nucleus: source of _
Protoreptilian brain nuclei
dorsal raphe nucleus: source of serotonin
Protoreptilian Brain and its role in arousal. What are the four brain regions/nuclei called that are situated in the this lower part of the brain?
1. locus coeruleus
2. dorsal raphe nucleus
3. the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
4. substantia nigra
From these brain areas:
1. locus coeruleus
2. dorsal raphe nucleus
3. the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
4. substantia nigra
(ascending/descending) pathways project to the basal forebrain (not to mix up with the basal ganglia).
From these brain areas:
1. locus coeruleus
2. dorsal raphe nucleus
3. the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
4. substantia nigra
(ascending/descending) pathways project to the basal forebrain (not to mix up with the basal ganglia).


From these brain areas:
1. locus coeruleus
2. dorsal raphe nucleus
3. the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
4. substantia nigra
ascending pathways project to the basal forebrain (not to mix up with the basal ganglia). The basal forebrain is a (subcortical/cortical) group of nuclei, one of which is the __.
From these brain areas:
1. locus coeruleus
2. dorsal raphe nucleus
3. the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
4. substantia nigra
ascending pathways project to the basal forebrain (not to mix up with the basal ganglia). The basal forebrain is a (subcortical/cortical) group of nuclei, one of which is the septum.

The septum has a (dopaminergic/cholinergic/noradrenergic/serotonergic) projection to, among others, the _, a region known for its role in memory. In other words, when your arousal is high, the septum nicely innervates the _ and you can store and retrieve from memory the things you have just learned.
The septum has a (dopaminergic/cholinergic/noradrenergic/serotonergic) projection to, among others, the hippocampus, a region known for its role in memory. In other words, when your arousal is high, the septum nicely innervates the hippocampus and you can store and retrieve from memory the things you have just learned.
From the basal forebrain, you have a _ (acetylcholine) projection to the cortex. Indeed, also the other neurotransmitters (_,_,_) project to the cortex. In fact, the arousal system is a prerequisite for cortical activation.; it is the 'motor' of the cortex.
From the basal forebrain, you have a cholinergic (acetylcholine) projection to the cortex. Indeed, as one of the students noticed, also the other neurotransmitters (serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine) project to the cortex. In fact, the arousal system is a prerequisite for cortical activation.; it is the 'motor' of the cortex.
The arousal system is often abbreviated as the 'ARAS'. I did not make this point yet but the ARAS stands for: _.
The arousal system is often abbreviated as the 'ARAS'. I did not make this point yet but the ARAS stands for: Ascending Reticular Activating System.