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All customers differ 

managing customer heterogeneity

  1. Marketing activities
  2. Individual differences
  3. Life experience
  4. Functional Needs
  5. Self image

All customers change

Managing consumer dynamics

  1. Product lifecycle
  2. Regular exposure to environmental context
  3. Seminal events
  4. Life stage
  5. Knowledge

All resources are limited

  1. Resource slack
  2. Changes in needs
  3. Product lifecycle stages
  4. product market landscape
  5. effectiveness of marketing activities

Personality traits

  1. extraversion
  2. openness
  3. conscientiousness
  4. neuroticism
  5. agreeableness

Relationship dimensions

  1. Reprocation
  2. commitment
  3. trust
  4. gratitude

Value propositions

  1. All benefits
  2. favourable points of difference
  3. Resonating focus

IMC - Formats

  1. Advertising
  2. Sales promotion
  3. Personal selling
  4. Direct marketing
  5. Experiental marketing
  6. PR
  7. WOM

How to stop customers fixating on price

  1. Use price structure to clarify advantage
  2. wilfully overprice
  3. partition prices
  4. equalize price points to crystallize advantage

Advantages for later entrants

  1. Lower imitation cists
  2. Free-rider effect
  3. Scope economies
  4. Learning from pioneers mistakes
  5. Scope economies
  6. Shape & Influence consumer preferences

Advantages First mover

Economic analytical

1. Monopolist --> higher profit

2. Market position & learning curve

Behavioural perspective

1. Less resistance

2. More brand knowledge

3. First mover can influence values of attributes

4. Higher degree of customer awareness

Strategies omnichannel retailing

  1. Attractive pricing
  2. Harness power of data
  3. Avoid direct price comparisons
  4. Learn to sell niche products
  5. Emphasize product knowledge
  6. Establish switching costs
  7. Embrace competition

Factors that change diffusion rate of customers

  1. Relative advantage
  2. Comparability
  3. Complexity
  4. Triability
  5. Observability

Psychographic segmentation

  1. Level of product involvement
  2. Product usage
  3. benefits sought
  4. personality related factors

Misconceptions about first mover

  1. First mover trap
  2. Quality trap
  3. Empire building trap
  4. white space trap
  5. superiority trap
  6. sporadic innovation trap
  7. hostage resources trap

Prevent 'crossing the chasm'

  1. Conduct market research
  2. sense market from innovators
  3. know specific needs of customers
  4. have broader perspective on other customer segments

Criteria for ideal targeting

  1. Based on customer needs
  2. Different than other segments
  3. differences match firms competencies
  4. sustainable 
  5. identifiable customers
  6. financially viable