Klimagerechtes Bauen I + II

Which statement is correct regarding a mixed-flow ventilation system?

a.     Supply air needs to enter the room with high speed, so it causes induction with the existing air.

b.     A heat recovery is mandatory to reduce heating demand.

c.     Due to the principle “warm air goes up”, it isn't possible to heat the room when the outlets are placed in the ceiling.

d.     A trickle vent has to be in the window frame.

What is the wavelength of visible light?

a.     380 – 870 K

b.     490 – 780 cd

c.     490 – 870 lx

d.     380 – 780 nm

How high is the percentage of heat recovery in a state of the art ventilation system?

a.     90%

b.     80%

c.     60%

d.     30%

At which temperature should the supply air enter the room, when using a displacement ventilation system?

a.     Min. 1 K higher than the room temperature.

b.     Min. 3 K lower than the room temperature.

c.     Min. 2 K lower than the room temperature.

d.     Min. 4 K higher than the room temperature.

The minimum hygienic air change rate in living spaces is 0.5 1/h. This means that:

a.     0,5 m³ of fresh air per hour must be supplied in the room air.

b.     The total room volume is replaced with fresh air every half hour.

c.     Half of the room volume is exchanged with fresh air once per hour.

d. Fresh air with a volume of 0,5% of the room volume is supplied to the room air per hour.

When using a mixed-flow ventilation system, which outlet system is able to reach high distances?

a. Slot diffuser

b. Swirl diffuser

c. Popper valve

d. Jet nozzle

Which of the following gases has the highest concentration in the air?

a.     Carbon dioxide

b.     Nitrogen

c.     Hydrogen

d.     Oxygen

Fill in the words: emitted, shortwave, reflect, transmits, longwave, transmitted, walls, emit, diffuse, reflected, absorbed, absorbs, glass, global

The greenhouse effect in a building describes the fact that … radiation … the buildings through the … and hits the … and floors inside. Through this they heat up and … … radiation back into the space where on the … the largest portion gets … and thus stays inside the building.

Above which value of the brightest surface do you get a risk of glare on your working desk, when the darkest surface on the desk provides a luminance of 200 cd/m²?

a.     600 cd/m²

b.     800 cd/m²

c.     400 cd/m²

d.     200 cd/m²

What is the tolerance range of the reverberation time for a music room, according to DIN 18141?

What information do you get from the SHGC value?

a.     How much light is transmitted through the opaque components like walls.

b.     How much energy is transmitted through the opaque components like walls.

c.     How much energy is transmitted through transparent components like windows.

d.     How much light is transmitted through transparent components like windows.

Which of the following attributes of an artificial light source would be the most important in an art gallery?

a.     High colour rendering index

b.     High light colour

c.     High luminous efficiency

d.     High colour temperature

Which type of heat recovery system allows moisture recovery?

a.     Counter-flow heat exchanger

b.     Cross-flow heat exchanger

c.     Run-around coil

d.     Rotary heat exchanger

What is the illuminance of a clear sunny sky?

a.     100.000 lx

b.     500.000 lx

c.     50.000 lx

d.     10.000 lx

Your client's interior designer wants the east oriented office room's interior completely in white. This includes the white internal shading device. What would you suggest in terms of solar heat gains?

a.     A black internal shading device, because it absorbs the solar heat gains best.

b.     Because solar heat gains of the east façade are negligible, a white internal shading device is reasonable.

c.     Fixed vertical blinds on the outside.

d.     An overhang of at least 1 meter on the outside.

Which of the following metrics would be the least suitable to evaluate daylight in a building located in a desert climate?

a.     Daylight autonomy (DA)

b.     Daylight factor (DF)

c.     Continuous daylight autonomy (cDA)

d.     Useful daylight illuminance (UDI)

Which parameter – besides pressure differences – causes natural air exchange on an opening in the façade?

Which of the following definitions of white is available for LED?

a.     Pale white

b.     Neutral white

c.     Uncoloured white

d.     Shine white

An apartment building is equipped with a centralized mechanical ventilation system to provide hygienic comfort for the inhabitants. Which of the following rooms would usually not get supply air from the ventilation system?

a.     Children's room

b.     Living room

c.     Bathroom

d.     Sleeping room

Which air speed should be not exceeded at the outlet of a displacement ventilation system?

a.     0,3 m/s

b.     0,2 m/s

c.     0,1 m/s

d.     0,4 m/s

Which of the following contaminations in the air cannot be measured with a device?

a.     Humidity

b.     CO2

c.     VOCs

d.     Odours

To which light measurement metric belongs the unit “Candela/m²”?

a.     Luminance

b.     Luminous intensity

c.     Luminous flux

d.     Illuminance

Fill in the words: return, mixed-flow, larger, higher, lower, supply, exhaust, smaller, displacement.

In theatres and concert halls, people prefer … ventilation. Comparatively, the air velocity in the … air ducts is … in this ventilation system. Accordingly, duct cross-sections are comparatively … . In a … ventilation, pollutant removal is better than in a … ventilation. In a … ventilation, air is introduced into the room at a high velocity. Accordingly, the air mixing and, consequently, the specific heating and cooling capacity is … .

How high is the CO2 concentration of the outdoor air?

a.     ~ 400 ppm

b.     ~ 2450 ppm

c.     ~ 150 ppm

d.     ~ 1000 ppm

In which building typology is a displacement ventilation system usually not used?

a.     Museum

b.     Residential

c.     School

d.     Office

What is the main characteristic of hybrid ventilation systems?

a.     Running the mechanical ventilation system both with power (through photovoltaics) and gas (when no sunshine)

b.     Installation of air inlets and air outlets of the mechanical ventilation system in the same room.

c.     Running a lower air change rate by the mechanical system than requested and combining it with natural ventilation.

d.     Changing the sizes of the fans in the central ventilation unit from smaller in summer to bigger in winter. 

What is adiabatic cooling?

a.     The air is getting cooled through the evaporation of water.

b.     The air is getting humidified with a steam vaporizer and thus cools down.

c.     The air is cooled by a cooling coil that is powered by a compressor.

d.     Cooling the room through the air outlets in the suspended ceiling. 

Which statement is correct?

a.     Speed of sound is independent of the medium´s temperature.

b.     In air speed of sound is faster than in water.

c.     Speed of sound can not get higher than in a vacuum.

d.     The more mass of a medium, the faster the speed of sound.

What is the main difference between the factor daylight autonomy (DA) and continuous daylight autonomy (cDA)?

a.     While DA only credits hours where the minimum illuminance level is maintained by daylight alone, cDA counts partial credit to time steps where illuminance is lower than the requirement.

b.     DA results a value where minimum illuminance level is maintained by daylight at a specific moment in time, whereas cDA considers all occupied hours throughout the year with different sky conditions and all shading devices in the space.

c.     Compared to DA, which only credits hours where the minimum illuminance level is maintained by daylight alone, cDA describes the relationship of daylight at a specific time step where the required minimum illuminance is reached, e.g. illuminance is 400lx with a requirement of 500lx, so cDA = 80%.

d.     DA gives the result for the occupied hours per year of every single point in the room where minimum illuminance level is maintained by daylight, while cDA gives one number as a result for the whole space.

What is the definition of reverberation time?

a.     Time to drop 60 dB below original level.

b.     Time longer than 0,6 seconds to drop 1 dB.

c.     Time to drop from 60 dB to 0 dB.

d.     Time to drop from 60 dB(A) to 0 dB(A).

A centralized and a decentralized mechanical ventilation system are two different ways of generating a mechanical air exchange in a building. Name one advantage for each option, compared to each other.

Which of the following devices/materials reduces reverberation time in a room the least?

a.     Sound baffles

b.     Resonating panels

c.     Plane aluminium panels

d.     Fabric curtains

Which statement is not correct?

a.     Airborne sound can only be reduced by transforming sound energy to heat energy.

b.     Structure-borne sound can be reduced by using elastic and porous lightweight materials.

c.     Sound absorption coefficient of a carpet is higher than of linoleum.

d.     Using sound baffles reduces effectiveness of thermo-active slab systems. 

Natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation are two different ways of generating air exchange in a building. Name one advantage for each option, compared to the other.

Which statement is true for which metric to evaluate daylight in rooms (DA, DF, UDI)?

1. The metric considers sky conditions all over the year.
2. The metric can be used as an indicator when daylight is too bright (risk of glare). 
3. The metric can be determined only in the middle of the room.
4. The metric considers existing shading systems. 

Which amount of air should be replaced in a room in order to maintain the Pettenkofer standard of 1.000 ppm?

a.     25 m³/s

b.     25 m³/h per person

c.     25 h-1

d.     25 m/s per person

What is the position of a sun protection coating in a double glazed window?

As a rule of thumb, to which depth of a room can you use cross ventilation?

a.     Five times the hight of the room.

b.     Natural ventilation only works in the first 5 meters of the room, independent of other factors.

c.     Room depth doesn´t matter, the fresh air goes everywhere.

d.     It is triple the height of all windows in the room.

What is the position of a heat protection coating in the double glazed window below?

The PMV-index tells us about evaluating thermal comfort and is directly related to the PPD. Whats is the range of the PMV?

a. 0 - 100 %

b. 0 - 7

c. -3 - 3

d. -10 - 10

Which of the following measures does not reduce heating demand?

a. High standard of insulation of the building skin

b. Heat recovery of ventilation system

c. Using low-temperature heat transfer systems like underfloor heating in combination with a heat pump

d. Increasing internal gains, e.g. bigger windows on the south facade

Which component of the heat pump is requiring electric power?

a. Expansion Valve

b. Condensator

c. Compressor

d. Evaporator

Which factor indicates a subtropical climate?

a. Little temperature differences between day and night

b. No temperature differences between day and night

c. High temperature differences between day and night

d. No difference of insolation between summer and winter

What is the function of a cooling tower?

a. To store cold liquid or district cooling

b. To dissipate heat from the refrigerant

c. To precool the supply air for the ventilation system

d. To cool the surrounding and increase outdoor comfort nearby the tower

Which of the following characteristics does not reflect the philosophy of the architectural movement "Build Simple"?

a. Few layers of building components easy to seperate

b. Robust technical concept

c. High thermal mass and good insulation

d. Achieving passive house standard

What is the main heat transfer of cooling panels?

Which statement is not correct regarding the “Adaptive Comfort Model”? 

  a. It is not allowed to use any kind of cooling system, e.g., thermoactive floor slab.

  b. The DIN EN 15251 defines three categories with different thresholds.

  c. It can only be applied in natural ventilated buildings.

  d. The past thermal history influences of the occupants’ expectations to the rooms climate condition

What water temperatures can be achieved in a flat plate collector?

  a) up to 60 °C 

  b) up to 90 °C 

  c) up to 130 °C

  d) up to 160 °C

What is a typical depth of the boreholes? 

  a) 50 m 

  b) 100 m 

  c) 500 m 

  d) 200 m

Which of the following heat transfer systems cannot be used both for heating and cooling?

  a) Radiators 

  b) Radiant ceiling panels 

  c) Air conditioning

  d) Thermoactive floor slap

An office building in Munich is fully glazed on the east and west façade. Which statement is correct?

  a) Essential for the performance in summer are SHGC-values of the glazing and not orientation.

  b) Choosing this orientation is reasonable compared to a south orientation, because solar gains in summer are highest to the south.

  c) Due to 800 W/m2 of solar gains in summer, overheating would be a huge problem with this choice of orientation.

  d) With solar heat gains of only 200 W/m2 in summer the chosen orientation is best for an office building in Munich

Which statement is correct? 

  a) Mean radiant temperature can only be calculated for indoor environments. 

  b) Mean radiant temperature is the sum of ½ air temperature and ½ operative temperature.

  c) Mean radiant temperature is taken into account when calculating the operative temperature.

  d) Operative temperature is the temperature setting of the heat transfer system in each room.

Which factor do you not get out of climate data?

  a) Wind 

  b) Heat Island Coefficient

  c) Rainfall

  d) Insolation  

Mark the parameter that influences – among others – the PMV-Index

  a) Supply air 

  b) CO2-Concentration

  c) Air change rate

  d) Air velocity  

What is the highest monthly insolation on a horizontal surface in Munich in summer?

  a) 1080 kWh/m2

  b) 430 kWh/m2

  c) 160 kWh/m2

  d) 710 kWh/m2  

Which of the following surfaces would have the coldest temperature in an imaginary street canyon at 6 p.m. on a clear winter day in Munich?

  a) Concrete façade surface facing west 

  b) Sky surface

  c) Street surface

  d) Wooden façade surface facing east

Which statement is correct regarding heat emission of a human body?

a) The lower the air temperature, the lower the percentage of heat emission by evaporation.

  b) The higher the air temperature, the higher the percentage of heat emission by conduction.

  c) The higher the air temperature, the higher the percentage of heat emission by convection.

  d) The lower the air temperature, the lower the percentage of heat emission by radiation

Cooling a room means: 

  a) Supply coldness into a room through a cooling system. 

  b) Leading coldness into a room. 

  c) Extract heat from the room.

  d) Supply heat to the room at a very low temperature level.

What is not a reason for the “Performance Gap” in the context of buildings? 

  a) Users behave different than in the simulation suggested. 

  b) Failure of technical components. 

  c) Incorrect settings of the technical equipment. 

  d) Different temperatures than an “average year”.

Which statement is correct regarding thermal outdoor comfort?

  a) Outdoors the MRT is the calculated metric of the suns direct and diffuse radiation.

  b) The higher the metabolic rate, the higher air temperatures the human tolerances. 

  c) UTCI is the only factor to evaluate thermal outdoor comfort. 

  d) The colder the air temperature, the higher the influence of wind on thermal perception.

Which statement is correct regarding district heating?

  a) There’s always a heat source for the base load an additional heat source for the peak load for the network.

  b) To increase efficiency and economics, district heating makes most sense in a block with as many passive houses as possible.

  c) As in every heat supply system there is a supply pipe and a return pipe of hot water, whereas with regard to the networks overall energy efficiency, some houses should connect to the return pipe.

  d) To minimize heat losses the hot water from the network goes directly into the houses heat transfer system, e.g. the radiators.

Which factor indicates a humid climate?

  a) Little temperature differences between day and night. 

  b) High temperature differences between summer and winter.

  c) Little temperature differences between summer and winter. 

  d) High temperature differences between day and night.

Relate the flow temperature of the following cooling systems from the lowest to highest:

Cooling panels, Thermoactive Floor Slap, Air Conditioning 

Which combination of thermal mass and air exchange at night would result in the lowest indoor temperatures at midday in a very hot week?

a) Medium thermal mass and air change rate of 6 h-1

b) Lightweight building mass and air change rate of 6 h-1

c) Lightweight building mass with no air exchange

d) High thermal mass and air change rate of 4 h-1

Which of the following passive strategies would improve thermal comfort most in a building located in a tropical climate zone?

  a) Light construction and increased air flow. 

  b) High thermal mass and reduction of solar gains. 

  c) High thermal mass and night cooling.

  d) Light construction and adiabatic cooling

Which of the following energy consumers has the lowest CO2-equivalent per kWh end energy?

a) Lighting

b) Auxiliary energy

c) Gas boiler

d) Heat pump

Which statement is not correct regarding a low-temperature district network?

a)       Heat losses in the network are negligible, compared to a high-temperature network.

b)      You never have an additional heat source for the peak load.

c)       Each connected building needs to have an own heat pump.

d)      There is no need for a heat transfer station in every building.

Which technical equipment is necessary to avoid that the heat pump immediately starts operating every time heat is required somewhere in the building?

a) Control valve

b) Hydraulic adjustment

c) Buffer tank

d) Thermostatic valve

What’s the efficiency of polycrystalline photovoltaics under usual conditions?

a) 22 %

b) 6 %

c) 36 %

d) 17 %

Which geothermal system does not require a heat pump to provide sufficient temperature for heating?

a) Geothermal boreholes

b) Groundwater wells

c) Deep geothermal energy

d) Ground heat collectors

You’re designing an office building in Spain with high thermal insulation. For cooling you use cooling panels with a dew point control to avoid condensation. If surface temperature would be too cold, where in the room would occur condensation?

a) On the surface of the windows 

b) In the corners of the walls and the ceiling

c) On the surface of the panel

d) In the area where most people spend time

Which form of energy plays the biggest role in the building sector?

a) Heat

b) Electricity

c) Mechanical Energy

d) Coldness

Which statement is not correct regarding an underfloor heating system?  

a) It is a system that works primary by radiation. 

b) It provides high comfort because it reacts very fast to occupants’ temperature changes.

c) The heading load is limited to 50 W/m2 so it could be insufficient on old buildings with a high heat transmission coefficient.

d) It operates with low temperatures so it’s very efficient in

combination with low-ex-systems and a heat pump.

You’re designing an office building in Spain with high thermal insulation.

For cooling you use cooling panels with a dew point control to avoid condensation. Using a psychrometric chart, what is the lowest temperature on the panel surface possible, if air temperature in the room is 23 °C and relative humidity is 60%?

Which state of comfort would mean number 3 for the PMV-Index? 

  a) Cool 

  b) Neutral 

  c) Slightly Warm

  d) Hot

Which of the following heat sources is not applicable for co-generation?   

a) Biomass 

b) Gas 

c) Deep geothermal energy 

d) Wastewater utilization

Which of the following products is not using latent heat in some ways?

  a) An ice-storage 

  b) Vacuum tube collectors 

  c) Phase-change-material

  d) Refrigerant of a compression chiller

Which energy use is not part of the phases A1-A5 in an LCA? 

  a) Installation process 

  b) Raw material supply 

  c) Operational energy use

  d) Transport to construction site

Which of the following technology solutions should result in the best COP value for the heat pump?

a) Ground Collector with Convectors 

b) Groundwater Well with Air Heating 

c) Ambient Air with Radiators

d) Geothermal Borehole with Floor Heating

Relate the flow temperature of the following heating systems from the lowest to highest: 

Thermoactive floor slab, Low-temperature radiators, Underfloor heating

Which statement is not correct regarding photovoltaics?

a) With an overcast sky there is no generation of power.

b) PV-modules increase their power generation when they are places at the optimal angle to the sun

c) When PV-modules get too hot, the efficiency goes down.

d) It is more economical to use the power by yourself than to feet it into the grid.

To avoid legionella, to what temperature should domestic hot water be heated regularly? 

Which of the following factors is not counted as local thermal discomfort in a room?

a) Large horizontal air temperature differences. 

b) Cooling or heating of parts of the body by radiation. 

c) Local convective cooling of the body caused by draught.

d) Hot or cold feet, caused by uncomfortable floor temperature.

Mark the parameter that does not influence the PMV Index.

  a) Evaporation 

  b) Clothing factor 

  c) Humidity 

  d) Metabolic Rate

What’s the current primary energy factor of power?

  a) 0.2 

  b) 1.8 

  c) 2.4

  d) 1.1

In general, thermal comfort for human beings is achieved when heat production is equal to:

Mark the parameter that influences – among others – the PMV-Index:

  a) Ceiling temperature 

  b) Air temperature 

  c) Radiation of the occupants

  d) Outside air temperature