GAH Part 4

• Tyre width
• Aspect ratio
• Construction
• Rim diameter
• Load index
• Speed index
• Run-flat tyre
• OEM tyre
• M&S tyre
• DOT code

Trailer method

• specific trailer on wet surface
• trailer be braked independent of tractor
• test speed 65km/h
• compare test tyre and SRTT

Special purpose tyre evaluation vehicle method

• ABS working
• Compare test tyre and SRTT
• Brake down vehicle from 80-20km/h

Scope: This regulation applies to the approval of vehicles [M1] up to a max. mass of 3.500kg.  Added by Amendment 1 M2, M3, N1, N2, N3, O when equipped with a tyre pressure monitoring system

• Must work under normal road and driving conditions
• TPMS requirement in USA since Sept. 2007 by TREAD Act.

• All of the tyres normally fitted to one axle shall be of the same type
• The space in which the wheel revolves shall be such as to allow unrestricted movement with biggest tyre
• Load capacity
• Speed capacity
• In the case of vehicles of cat. M1&N1, which are designed to be capable of towing a trailer, the additional load imposed at the trailer coupling device may cause the rear tyre maximum load ratings to be exceeded in case of class C1 tyres, bit not by more than 15%. Conditions: max. speed not more than 100kmh and pressure +0,2bar
• Special conditions for temporary-use spare unit or runflat tyres

• RAPEX database developed for recalls to protect and inform the public in the whole EU27
• It is connected to automotive as well
• It allows for the rapid exchange of information between Member States via central contact points
• Every day, national authorities send alerts to the Safety Gate
• Every alert is followed-up by other authorities, which take their own measures if they find the same product in thier own national markets

2009

ESC

GSI

AEBS (trucks & buses)

LDW (trucks & buses)

Reduce road fatalities

Rather tan updating the existing GSR dated 2009, EU-COM published a completely new Regulation which repeals and replaces the existing GSR1

Time stage A, B, C, D from July 6 2022, till July 7 2029

Advanced emergency braking systems (AEBS) for passenger & light commercial vehicles

Turn assist, collision warning, pedestrian/cyclist collision warning systems for M2, M3, N2 & N3 category vehicles

Improving direct vision for drivers of heavy-duty vehicles

Reversing detection systems (e.g. camera) for all categories

Emergency stop signal for all M & N cat. vehicles (ESS)

Alcohol Interlock Installation Facilitation (AIIF)

Alc. interlock (AIIF)

Hydrogen powered vehicles

Driver Drowsiness and Attention Warning (DDAW)

Event Data Recorder (EDR)

Data Storage System for Automated Driving (DSSAS)

Frontal Crash Protection Updates

Side Crash Protection Updates

- Mandatory system in vehicles to aid compliance with speed limits (time stage B)
- Alerts drivers when exceeding speed limits, can be overridden
- Commonly available in cars, uses cameras and GPS to recognize limits
- Supports drivers without taking control
- Goals: enhance safety, reduce emissions, save fuel, prevent speeding tickets
- Desire to harmonize traffic signs across EU due to existing variations among member states

The driver drowsiness detection is based on an algorithm, which begins recording the driver's sterring behavior the moment the trip begins

Phases during which the driver is barely steering, combined with slight, yet quick and abrupt sterring movements to keep the car on track

• GPS 
• Speed
• steering angle
• embedded non-contact sensors in the seat and sterring wheel ECG
• embedded respiratory sensor (Deutsch: Atemsensor)

• UN-R155 requires the operation of a certified cybersecurity management system (CSMS)
• UN-R156 requires that of a software update management system (SUMS)

• Managing cyberrisks to vehicles
• Securing vehicles "by design" to mitigate risks along the value chain
• Detecting and responding to security incidents across vehicle fleets
• Safely and securely updating the vehicle software, including a legal basis for over-the-air updates

• UN-Regulation officially came into force January 2022

• By GSR2 these requirements became mandatory for the approval of new vehicle types by July 2022 (time stage B) and to extend it to existing architectures by July 2024 (times stage C)

• Systems provide warnings prior to lane departures and intervene during departures (usually time stage B or time stage C for vehicles with hydraulic power assisted steering).
• ELKS (Lane-Keeping System) tracks the vehicle's position concerning the lane boundary.
• It applies steering wheel torque or brake pressure if a lane departure is imminent and could lead to a collision.

Passenger cars and light commercial vehicles (time stage B) plus buses, coaches and heavy-duty vehicles (time stage D) will have to be ditted with an event data recorder

The findings derived from the data will make is possible to conduct detailed accident research and evolve automotive engineering requirements in a targeted manner

1. EDR is mostly part of the airbag control unit
2. Data Storage System for Automated Driving (DSSAD)

Trailers with a max. mass of more than 3.5 tonnes

Commercial vehicles 

Buses and coaches

Direct TPMS (actual pressure sensors in each wheel)

Indirect TPMS (rate of wheel rotation)

1. Scope: All motor vehicles
2. Target: To have a standardized interface in all new motor vehicles to ease the aftermarket installation of Alcohol interlock devices
3. background: Excess alcohol contributes to about 25% of all road deaths in Europe

UN-R134

Reg (EU) 2021/525 Annex XIV

• UN-R134 exists for several years and includes performance test like fueling / defueling, parking under extreme conditions, performance in fire
• UN-R134 does not currently include equivalent requirements on the materials used in compressed hydrogen vehicle systems
• Therfore the EU requires more than the content of UN-R134

1. Electrical motors
2. Water

• UN-R94: off-set with deformable barrier
• UN-R137: full-width and non-deformable barrier

• UN-R95: sled with deformable barrier runs sideways into test vehicle which stands still
• UN-R135: pole impact test vehicles stands on very low sled and runs with 75° into massive pole

• UN-R32: sled with non-deformable barrier runs into test vehicle which stands still. This regulation is not included in EU-WVTA procedure according to Reg (EU) 2018/858 Annex II
• UN-R153: Same test comparable to UN-R32 but higher speed (50-35kph). Alternative test as option: copied from FMVSS 301