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A = Tarsals
B = metatarsals
C = Phlanges
B = metatarsals
C = Phlanges
Tarsals
A set of seven irregularly shaped bones. They are situated proximally in the foot in the ankle are
Metatarsals
Connect the phalanges to the tarsals. There are five in number – one for each digit
Phalanges
The bones of the toes. Each toe has three phalanges – proximal, intermediate, and distal (except the big toe, which only has two phalanges)
What is the role of the bones in the foot?
To provide mechanical support for the soft tissues; helping the foot withstand the weight of the body whilst standing and in motion
What are the 3 regions of the foot?
Hindfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot
Midfoot
Forefoot
Hindfoot
Talus
Calcaneus
Calcaneus
Midfoot
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Forefoot
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Phalanges
A = Calcaneus
B = Talus
C = Navicular
D = Cuboid
E = Cuneiforms
B = Talus
C = Navicular
D = Cuboid
E = Cuneiforms
What are the rows of the tarsal bones?
Proximal
Intermediate
Distal
Intermediate
Distal
What bones make up the proximal tarsal bones?
Talus
Calcaneus
Calcaneus
What are the articulations of the talus?
Superiorly – ankle joint – between the talus and the bones of the leg (the tibia and fibula).
Inferiorly – subtalar joint – between the talus and calcaneus.
Anteriorly – talonavicular joint – between the talus and the navicular
Inferiorly – subtalar joint – between the talus and calcaneus.
Anteriorly – talonavicular joint – between the talus and the navicular
What is the role of the talus?
To transmit forces from the tibia to the heel bone (known as the calcaneus)
Why is the talus wider anteriorly compared to posteriorly ?
To provide stability
What does the talus have a high risk of?
avascular necrosis
Why does the talus have a high risk of avascular necrosis?
Whilst numerous ligaments attach to the talus, no muscles originate from or insert onto it. This means there is a high risk of avascular necrosis as the vascular supply is dependent on fascial structures
Which the the largest tarsal bone?
Calcaneus
What are the articulations of the calcaneus?
Superiorly – subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint – between the calcaneus and the talus.
Anteriorly – calcaneocuboid joint – between the calcaneus and the cuboid.
Anteriorly – calcaneocuboid joint – between the calcaneus and the cuboid.
What attaches to the calcaneal tuberosity?
Achilles tendon
Which bones are in the intermediate group?
Navicular
What attaches to the navicular tuberosity?
Part of the tibialis posterior tendon
What bones are part of the distal row?
Cuboid
3x cuneiforms
3x cuneiforms
What distinctive feature can be found on the cuboid?
A groove for the tendon of fibularis longus
Attachments of the medical cuneiform
Tibialis anterior, (part of) tibialis posterior, and fibularis longus
Attachments of the lateral cuneiform
flexor hallucis brevis
A = Extensor digitorum brevis
B = Extensor hallucis brevis
B = Extensor hallucis brevis
