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Three Personality Domains in Eysenck
Psychoticism
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Do domain's describe entire population or clinical?
entire population
What is an assumption of the model?
the domains are orthogonal
What did eynsenck argue are the 4 sources of support for the theory?
1. Psychometric evidence
2. Biological Basis
3. Theoretically Plausible
4. Predictive of Social Issues
Briefly describe an Introvert
Prefer to spend time alone and predictable contexts and are quiet and well-ordered
briefly describe an Extravert.
Prefer excitement and stimulation, the company of others, are talkative, outgoing and externally driven, and like parties and friend
Briefly describe a neurotic personality.
Emotionally unstable, anxious, fearful, tense, moody, irritable, depressed, poor sleep, slow to return to ‘even keel’ after stressful event
Briefly describe a stable personality.
Even-tempered, quick to return to equilibrium after stressful event, calm, slow to react emotionally
Briefly describe a psychopath
Aggressive, cold, and lack empathy (all negative facets, except creativity)
Briefly describe a sociable personality
Unselfish, sympathetic, cooperative, and conventional
What's different about P compared to E & N?
was added later
has a skewed distribution
What are the key regions for the biological basis?
Reticular formation & ARAS
Cortex
Limbic System
What is the reticular formation?
Networks of nuclei located in the brainstem. Includes ascending pathways to the cortex (ARAS) and descending pathways to the spinal chord.
What is the cortex?
The outmost layer of the brain, contians sensory, motor, and association areas
What is the Limbic System?
'Deep' Brain structures, inc: hippocampus and the amygdala. involved in emotional processing and homeostasis
What part of PEN is Reticular formation & ARAS associated with?
Extraversion
How does the Reticular formation & ARAS contribute to Extraversion?
Controls the cortical arousal generated by incoming stimuli.
This system is typically more aroused in introverts than extraverts.
What part of PEN is the limbic system associated with?
Neuroticism
How does the limbic system contribute to neuroticism?
Controls response to emotional stimuli.
This system is more aroused in stable individuals when facing emotion-inducing stimulation
What's the relationship between performance and arousal?
U-shaped
Performance improves as arousal increases, but it deteriorates when arousal levels become too high
What brain area's dysfunction has been linked to psychotism?
the amygdala
Whats the measurement for PEN?
Eynsecks original questionnaire
Several versions have appeared: EPI, EPQ, EPQ-R, Short-Scale EPQ-R
What's the reliablity for withinscales?
Eysenck et al. (1985) reported “good” internal consistency for Extraversion (α = ~.85) and Neuroticism (α = ~.85) but “questionable” internal consistency for Psychoticism (α = ~.6).
What's the reliablity for between scales?
The three scales were orthogonal: did not correlate with each other (≤ .14)