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Chickenpox
- fever initially
- Itchy rash starting on head/trunk before spreading
- Initially macular, then papular, then vesicular
- systemic upset is usually mild
Measles
- Prodrome: irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
- Koplik spots: white spots (grain of salt) on the buccal mucosa
- Rash: starts behind the ears, then to the whole body. A discrete maculopapular rash that becomes blotchy & confluent.
Mumps
- Fever
- malaise
- muscular pain
- Parotits: earache, pain on eating. Initially unilateral, but becomes bilateral in 70% on patients.
Rubella
- rash: a pink maculopapular rash. starts initially on the face before it then spreads to the whole body.
- Rash usually fades by day 3-5
- Lymphadenopathy: suboccipital and postauricular
Erythema infectiosum
- Also known as fifth disease or 'slapped-cheek syndrome'
- Caused by parvovirus B19
- Lethargy, fever, headache
- 'Slapped-cheek' rash spreading to proximal arms and extensor surfaces
Scarlet fever
- Reaction to erythrogenic toxins produced by Group A haemolytic streptococci
- Fever, malaise, tonsillitis
- 'Strawberry' tongue
- Rash - fine punctate erythema sparing the area around the mouth (circumoral pallor)
Hand, foot and mouth disease
- Caused by the coxsackie A16 virus
- Mild systemic upset: sore throat, fever
- Vesicles in the mouth and on the palms and soles of the feet