AMGI

a functional unit in the genome, that requires transcription for its function (this encompasses protein and non-protein coding units and their cis-acting regulatory elements.)

represent genes that are inherited in different species and share a common ancestor (homologous genes are of course to some extent related in sequence, but similar sequences not

necessarily represent homologous sequences/genes).

homologous genes that share a common ancestor and have the same (main) function

the entity, whose absence or presence or alteration causes a phenotype

a variant version of a gene at the very same locus with an altered DNA code

any detectable difference caused by a change in the DNA code of a gene

(in practice this means: every phenotype is inseparably linked to the assay conditions,

under which it can be detected. It is rarely possible to show that a mutation does not

cause an „altered phenotype". To be rigorous, also a mutant background is an "assay"

and synthetic phenotypes are phenotypes.)

terms to describe the relation of alleles of the same gene

(a recessive allele will only be effective if homozygous; a dominant allele will be effective irrespective of

the nature of the other allele(s))

describes the relation between an allele of a gene (at one locus) and the

allele(s) of a another gene (at a different locus)

(an allele at locus "a" is epistatic to a gene at locus "b" if the phenotype is determined

by the given allele at locus "a" independent of "b's" allelic version(s))

The entire genetic information of an organism (add on for

eukaryotes: that resides in the nucleus).

3,4x10^9 bp 20 Chromosomes

1,4x10^9 bp 25 Chromosomes

1x10^8 bp 6 Chromosomes

1,2x10^8 bp 4 Chromosomes

1,3x10^8 bp 5 Chromosomes

1,2x10^7 bp 16 Chromosomes

4,6x10^6 bp 1 Chromosome